Ph.D. in Psychology or Psy.D.

If you plan to study psychology at the graduate level, youve got options. Both Ph.D. and Psy.D. degrees are doctoral degrees in psychology. However, they differ in history, emphasis, and logistics. Psy.D. Degree Has an Emphasis on Practice The Ph.D. in psychology has been around for well over 100 years, but the Psy.D., or doctorate of psychology degree is much newer. The Psy.D. degree became popular in the early 1970s, created as a professional degree, much like that for a lawyer. It trains graduates for applied work—in this case, therapy. The Ph.D. is a research degree, yet many students seek a doctoral degree in psychology to practice and do not plan to conduct research. Therefore, the Psy.D. is intended to prepare graduates for careers as practicing psychologists. The Psy.D. offers a great deal of training in therapeutic techniques and many supervised experiences, but there is less of an emphasis on research than in Ph.D. programs. As a graduate from a Psy.D. program, you can expect to excel in practice-related knowledge and experience. You will also become familiar with research methodology, read research articles, learn about research findings, and be able to apply research findings to your work. Essentially, Psy.D. graduates are trained to be consumers of research-based knowledge. Ph.D. Degree Has an Emphasis on Research Ph.D. programs are designed to train psychologists to not only understand and apply research  but also to conduct it. Ph.D. psychology graduates are trained to be creators of research-based knowledge. Ph.D. programs range in the emphasis they place on research and practice. Some programs emphasize creating scientists. In these programs, students spend most of their time on research and much less time on practice-related activities. In fact, these programs discourage students from engaging in therapeutic practice. While Psy.D. programs emphasize creating practitioners, many Ph.D. programs combine both the scientist and practitioner models. They create scientist-practitioners—graduates who are competent researchers as well as practitioners. If youre considering a degree in psychology, keep in mind these distinctions so that you apply to programs that are appropriate to your interests and goals. Ultimately, if you think you might want to engage in research or teach at a college at some point in your career, you should consider a Ph.D. over a Psy.D. because the research training provides more flexibility in career options. Funding of the Respective Programs Generally speaking, Ph.D. programs offer more funding than do Psy.D. programs. Most students who obtain a Psy.D. pay for their degrees with loans. Ph.D. programs, on the other hand, often have faculty members with research grants who can afford to hire students to work with them—and they often offer some combination of tuition and a stipend. Not all Ph.D. students are awarded funding, but you are more likely to get funding in a Ph.D. program. Time to Degree Generally speaking, Psy.D. students finish their graduate programs in less time than do Ph.D. students. A Psy.D. requires a specific number of years of coursework and practice, as well as a dissertation that usually requires students to apply research to a given problem or analyze the research literature. A Ph.D. also requires a specific number of years of coursework and practice, but the dissertation is a more cumbersome project because it requires that students devise, conduct, write, and defend a research study that will make an original contribution to academic literature. That could take an extra year or two—or more—than a Psy.D. Bottom Line Both the Psy.D. ​and Ph.D. are doctoral degrees in psychology. Which one you choose depends on your career goals—whether you prefer a career solely in practice  or one in research or a combination of research and practice.

Essay on Campaign Finance Reform - 1003 Words

Campaign Finance Reform The politics is a stage for many different characters of whom each is trying to convince their audience to give them the loudest cheer and the grand applause. Politicians who played the acts will do their best and sometimes will do everything to win the hearts of their audience and that means to win at all cost. Politics involves money for it is the way to make campaign possible that is why there are campaign managers and campaign funds to whoever will run for any office in the government. Every politicians needs money or funds to support his or her candidacy in such a way that it will help them reach their constituents because it also requires money to get to them, to their homes, to their cities and to their†¦show more content†¦Among those cases includes then President Bill Clinton and his Vice-President Al Gore though their campaign funds contributors were acquitted – Franklin L. Haney the idea that it is possible for politicians to be influenced or use illegal mo ney for their campaign activities. The case of lobbyist Jack Abramoff in 2006 is another figurative representation of how campaign donations can lead to fraud (Schmidt and Grimaldi) and may also encourage other forms of misappropriation and corruption among politicians and their quest for public office. Under other circumstances the campaign finance reform is quite necessary for some valid and small reasons that could adequately enhance its strength or change some behaviors in using campaign funds. The current Campaign Finance Reform already embedded precautionary measures under the law and protection related to campaign activities and elections such as Disclosure. At any event or during an election campaign period all states are required to report specific sources and expenditures of a campaigning official (NCSL) and his activities to monitor where and how they use their campaign funds. Also exemplifies under the reform are limitations or contribution limits whereas every politicians are bound in order to circumvent potential exploitation of the campaign funds or sources as well amounts of donations from supporters including bans on corporate contributions. Corporate contributions is also plagued with someShow MoreRelatedCampaign Finance Reform Essay454 Words   |  2 PagesCampai gn Finance Reform Campaign finance issues are complicated in the United States by the fact that the funding sources of the Republican and Democratic parties differ so sharply. As a result, any reforms intended to affect one kind of funding are likely to adversely and disproportionately affect one of the two parties. Furthermore, while most issues on which elected officials decide concern benefits for constituents. Campaign finance reform involves changing an institution that benefitsRead MoreCampaign Finance Reform Essay3020 Words   |  13 Pagestheir campaign. Contributors range from unions, religious leaders, organizations such as Mothers Against Drunk Drivers (MADD), the National Rifle Association (NRA), and senior citizens groups. When these groups, known as special interest groups, donate to candidate’s campaign, they expect the candidate to respond to their issues. Because special interest groups, as well as private citizens donate more and more money to campaigns, there is some concern that there is a great need for campaign financeRead MoreThe First Step Towards Lasting Campaign Finance Reform2697 Words   |  11 PagesFinal Paper: The First Step Towards Lasting Campaign Finance Reform â€Å"You don t put vote Bartlet in the ad, you can pay for it with unmarked bills from a bank heist if you want to.† - Bruno Gianelli (Fictional character, The West Wing, S03E06, â€Å"Gone Quiet†)1 Debates about the just and proper financing of campaigns for public office can be traced as far back as the Federalist Papers. 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The U.S. national political parties raised a record 107.2 million dollars in soft money contributions in 1999 (Campaign Finance Reform). During the 1995-96 elections, public citizens estimated that an astounding 150 million dollars was spent on phony issue ads designed to support or oppose congressional and presidentialRead MoreCampaign Finance Reform Should Be Restricted And Monitored1780 Words   |  8 PagesIn American society, campaign finance reform is continuously a topic of discussion. This year’s 2016 election will be the most expensive campaign with presidential candidates Donald Trump and Hilary Clinton is running for office. By this coming November, campaign spending for all candidates spending for all candidates who ran in this year’s election will be an estimated total of 4.4 billion dollars (â€Å"Do We Re ally Need†). For campaign finance to experience reform, we must first acknowledge that theRead MoreEssay about Campaign Finance Reform1256 Words   |  6 PagesCampaign Finance Reform With the introduction of â€Å"soft† money in politics, elections no longer go to the best candidate, but simply to the richer one. Soft money is defined as unregulated money that is given to the political parties that ends up being used by candidates in an election. In last year’s elections, the Republican and Democratic parties raised more than one-half of a billion dollars in soft money. Current politicians are pushing the envelope farther than any previous administrations

Implementation of a Health Program Free Essays

The â€Å"American Cancer Society† has come up with â€Å"Guidelines on Nutrition and Physical Activity for Cancer Prevention† (American Cancer Society, 2008, pp. 1 – 11). The purpose of the aforementioned is to â€Å"reduce the risk of cancer† through â€Å"healthy food choices†, as well as, â€Å"physical activity† (American Cancer Society, 2008, pp. We will write a custom essay sample on Implementation of a Health Program or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1 – 11). The guidelines provided addresses questions of countless individuals who are quite confused by â€Å"several studies or news reports† which are not usually peer-reviewed or not really â€Å"official† (American Cancer Society, 2008, pp. 1 – 11). Although answering the questions would help greatly, this program of the â€Å"American Cancer Society† should still undergo a process of implementation so that people will be motivated to look deeper into the guidelines, as well as, to practice them in order to â€Å"reduce the risk of cancer† (American Cancer Society, 2008, pp. 1 – 11). Before these guidelines are to be fully implemented, there are certain factors needed to be considered (American Cancer Society, 2008, pp. 1 – 11). Some of these factors are the following: 1) leading the implementation; 2) time frame; 3) staff qualifications; 4) staff responsibilities; 5) training; 6) supervision/support; 7) funds; and 8) advocacy (American Cancer Society, 2008, pp. 1 – 11). Leading the Implementation It is very important to assign an individual to â€Å"lead the implementation† (Illness Management and Recovery, 2003, pp. 1 – 6). The leader should be well aware of the program or guidelines and should have mastered all aspects of the guidelines (Illness Management and Recovery, 2003, pp. 1 – 6). He or she should also be supported by those in a higher position, as well as, respected by the subordinates (Illness Management and Recovery, 2003, pp. 1 – 6). Time Frame After a leader is chosen for the implementation, â€Å"time-frame† should also be settled (Illness Management and Recovery, 2003, pp. 1 – 6). This entails the time needed in training those who will play a role in the implementation of the program (Illness Management and Recovery, 2003, pp. 1 – 6). For instance, three months is required to extensively educate and motivate the individuals who will play a part in the implementation (Illness Management and Recovery, 2003, pp. 1 – 6). How to cite Implementation of a Health Program, Papers